[Mission 2023] Insights SECURE SYNOPSIS: 30 May 2023

Oct 27, 2023

NOTE: Please remember that following ‘answers’ are NOT ‘model answers’. They are NOT synopsis too if we go by definition of the term. What we are providing is content that both meets demand of the question and at the same

Topic: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.

1. India indeed has a rich heritage of science and technology, which can be traced back to its ancient past. There are several linkages between modern Indian science and its historical scientific achievements. Analyse. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: Insights on India

Why the question:

The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1.

Key Demand of the question:

To write about the contributions of Ancient India to science and technology and its link to the present.

Directive word:

Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction:

Briefly give context of India's ancient calibre of development in science.

Body:

First, write about like people in any other part of the world Indians too, have a rich legacy of scientific ideas. A desire to now the unknown, accompanied with experimentation and observation have always generated scientific temper. The dependence on nature could be overcome by developments in science. In ancient India, religion and science worked in close proximity

Next, write about the linkages with modern science and the science of past with examples.

Conclusion:

Conclude by summarising.

Introduction

India has a rich heritage of science and technology. The dependence on nature could be overcome by developments in science. In ancient India, religion and science worked in close proximity. India belongs to one of the oldest civilized cultures with a long tradition in science and technology. Her history of science can be studied in a different context compared to that of other modern civilizations

Body

Linkages between modern sciences and ancient scientific heritage

Conclusion

As illustrated above, modern sciences that exists today in India and elsewhere has roots to the ancient scientific past of India. Many advancements in fields of science and technology can be traced to the basic foundational knowledge that exists in India. In medieval times, this knowledge was disseminated through translation of ancient Indian books by Arabs and Persians. Such developments are believed to have taken India's wisdom to Europe and other western nations.

Topic: Effects of globalization on Indian society.

2. While globalization has brought numerous benefits, hyper-globalization refers to its intensified and often unregulated version, which can have significant implications for societies. Examine. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: Insights on India

Why the question:

The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1.

Key Demand of the question:

To write about hyper-globalisation, its impact on the society and measures needed to counter its impact.

Directive word:

Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.

Structure of the answer:

Begin the answer by defining hyper-globalisation.

Body:

First, write about the various features of hyper-globalisation citing a few examples.

Next, write about the impact of hyper-globalisation on the various aspects of Indian society – freer movement of goods, resources and enterprises, and ultimately more jobs, cheaper products and increasing economic growth, prosperity and wealth. Also, mention the negative impacts like – increasing inequalities, lack of opportunities, dependence and political disconnect etc.

Next, write about the ways in which risks posed by hyper-globalisation could be overcome.

Conclusion:

Conclude by writing a way forward.

Introduction

Hyper Globalisation is the concept that believes that globalization is happening is an enormous way and there is an emergence of a homogenous global culture. The period of hyper globalization has been associated with the most dramatic turnaround in the economic fortunes of developing countries.

The main difference between globalization and hyper globalization is very narrow and can be best described as the rate of speed at which the process of globalization takes place. The period between 1870 and 1914 the Golden Age of globalization in which world trade in terms of gross domestic product went from a 9 percent to 16 percent share. However, in the current age of hyper-globalization, which includes both goods and services, the gross domestic product share has reached 33 percent.

Body

Impact of hyper globalization on Indian society

Measures needed to counter the risks

Conclusion

Hyper globalization is not entirely detrimental to India, rather it has increased technology transfer and increased investment flow. India must reduce the risks to leverage the benefit of hyper globalism. Upskilling youth with new age technology can lead to reaping of rich demographic dividends while decreasing poverty.

Topic: Parliament and State legislatures—structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.

3. Parliaments play a crucial role in democratic systems and serve several key purposes. ts functions are vital for the functioning of a democratic society, upholding the rule of law, and safeguarding citizens’ rights and freedoms. Elucidate. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Easy

Reference: Indian Express , Insights on India

Why the question:

The article discusses the recent inauguration of the new Parliament building in India by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. It highlights the significance of the new building in symbolizing the country's democratic spirit, modernization, and commitment to progress.

Key Demand of the question:

To write the features and importance of Parliament.

Directive word:

Elucidate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction:

Begin by writing the definition of parliament and importance of parliament in democratic systems.

Body:

First, write about the functions performed by the parliament – making laws, representing the interests of the people, and holding the government accountable. Parliament also plays a crucial role in budgetary control, ensuring fair representation of minority interests, and promoting peaceful conflict resolution. Cite examples to substantiate.

Conclusion:

Conclude by summarising.

Introduction

India has a parliamentary system of government. The Union Parliament consists of two houses- Rajya Sabha & Lok Sabha and President of India. The functions of the Parliament are mentioned in the Indian Constitution in Chapter II of Part V. The functions of the Parliament can be classified under several heads.

In the 75th year of Independence, India's new Parliament building, embodying the culture, pride and spirit of the entire nation, was recently inaugurated by the PM of India.

Body

Functions of the Parliament

Powers of the parliament:

Conclusion

Constitution of India is the law of our land and all the three organs, the Legislature, the Executive and the Judiciary are the machineries formed under the foundation of this Constitution. Constitution of India is been formed on the principles of rule of law, so Legislature in India has been vested with its constitutional functions and powers and so has limitation too. It can be said that the prime function of legislature is to anchor for the will of the people and to enact laws. But legislature is not the actual law makers but the executive is. And judiciary plays its vital role in guarding the constitution, the sentinel on the qui vive.

Topic: Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.

4. Given its inclusive growth targets, how can India bridge the climate funding gap, and what are some potential innovative strategies that can be adopted? (250 words)

Difficulty level: Tough

Reference: Live Mint

Why the question:

The article titled emphasizes the need for creative approaches to address the funding gap for climate-related initiatives.

Key Demand of the question:

To write about the challenges in climate funding, strategies required to balance climate funding with inclusive growth.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction:

Briefly explain the concept of the climate funding gap.

Body:

First, write about the challenges in climate funding and inclusive growth – Discuss the limitations of traditional funding mechanisms for both climate initiatives and inclusive growth and explain the need to align climate action with inclusive growth ambitions

Next write about the Innovative methods for bridging the gap and promoting inclusive growth – Private sector involvement and impact investment, Green bonds, sustainable finance, and social bonds, Climate funds, international cooperation, and development aid, Technological innovation, research funding, and skill development etc.

Conclusion:

Suggest way forward and conclude.

Introduction

Climate change includes both global warming driven by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. Though there have been previous periods of climatic change, since the mid-20th century humans have had an unprecedented impact on Earth's climate system and caused change on a global scale

Climate finance refers to local, national, or transnational financing—drawn from public, private and alternative sources of financing—that seeks to support mitigation and adaptation actions that will address climate change.

The UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement call for financial assistance from Parties with more financial resources (Developed Countries) to those that are less endowed and more vulnerable (Developing Countries).This is in accordance with the principle of "Common but Differentiated Responsibility and Respective Capabilities" (CBDR).

Body

Background

Gaps in climate funding and bridging the gap

Strategies to be adopted

Conclusion

Climate Finance so far has remained an unfulfilled promise. As Al Gore emphasised, it is time to realize that the window to act to address climate change is getting shortened and developed countries are "not doing enough". Climate Finance is the most potent tool to mitigate and adapt to effects of climate change. The faster the consensus on climate finance is reached, the better. In this context, all levers, public and private should be mobilized to meet the enhanced financing target.

Value addition

Climate finance options

Topic: Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.

5. Explain the role and importance of supercomputers in advancing scientific research and technological innovation. Discuss the key features and applications of supercomputers in different fields. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Easy

Reference: The Hindu , Insights on India

Why the question:

The article discusses India's progress in the field of supercomputing and highlights its potential in driving scientific research and technological advancements.

Key Demand of the question:

To write about the importance of supercomputers, its features and its applications in different fields.

Directive word:

Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction:

Begin by briefly explaining the concept of supercomputers and their significance in scientific research and technological innovation.

Body:

First, write about the role and Importance of Supercomputers – contribute to solving complex problems and conducting simulations in various scientific disciplines, role in accelerating research and development etc.

Next, write about the Key Features of Supercomputers: characteristics that distinguish supercomputers from conventional computers, such as processing speed, parallel processing capabilities, and large-scale memory.

Next, write about the applications of Supercomputers: Provide examples of how supercomputers are applied in different fields, such as computational fluid dynamics, molecular dynamics simulations, genomics, and astrophysics. Discuss their role in advancing artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data analytics.

Conclusion:

Conclude by summarising.

Introduction

A supercomputer is an extremely powerful and high-performance computer capable of performing complex calculations and processing large amounts of data at incredibly fast speeds. It is used for tasks that require immense computational power. It performs at or near the currently highest operational rate for computers.

The AI supercomputer ‘AIRAWAT,’ located at C-DAC in Pune, India, has achieved a ranking of 75th in the world on the Top 500 Global Supercomputing List. The deployment of AIRAWAT will empower academia, research labs, the scientific community, industry, and startups to develop indigenous AI-enabled products and solutions, particularly for addressing India-specific challenges.

Body

Significance of Supercomputers

Key features of Supercomputers

Applications of Supercomputers

Mostly, supercomputers are used to diagnose various diseases, and provide the assistance for producing good results in strokes, brain injuries and other blood flow issues in your body.

Supercomputing helps to provide virtual testing for nuclear explosion and weapon ballistics.

Supercomputer applications are able to study and understand climate patterns.

With the help of a supercomputer, designed flight simulators for newbie pilots and this simulator helped to train new pilots.

To gather the information related to weather forecasting, supercomputers run in the NOAA's system, which means National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The NOAA system is able to execute all types of simple and logical instructions.

In the weather and science research areas depend on the supercomputer for analyzing data from the exploring solar system, satellites that round earth, and other areas such as nuclear research.

Some large scale companies need the supercomputer for extracting useful information from data storage houses or in the cloud system. Such as insurance companies.

Supercomputers play a vital role in real financial success in the emerging online currency world such as bitcoin and the stock market.

Supercomputers provide the help to people for buying vehicles because before purchasing the vehicle, customers can test through simulation environments that are created by supercomputers.

Scientists use supercomputers in their own laboratory for predicting the fog and other pollution levels in particular areas, and then take final steps to prevent them.

Conclusion

India has undertaken the National Supercomputing Mission (2015) which aims at development of highly professional High Performance Computing (HPC) aware human resource for meeting challenges of development of these applications. The Mission envisages empowering national academic and R&D institutions spread over the country by installing a vast supercomputing grid comprising of more than 70 high-performance computing facilities.

Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.

6. A legally binding global treaty on plastics and plastic pollution could potentially be an effective way to address the global plastic pollution crisis. The impact of a global treaty on India would depend on its specific provisions and how they are implemented. Examine. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: Down to Earth , Insights on India

Why the question:

The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3.

Key Demand of the question:

To analyse the role of private sector as a partner with the government to harness space technology and innovations for social welfare.

Directive word:

Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction:

Begin by giving context.

Body:

First, write about the impact a global treaty on plastics and plastic pollution can have – . It would establish international standards and regulations to reduce plastic waste and its environmental impact.

Write about its impact on India – it could provide a regulatory framework, promote technology and infrastructure development, have economic implications, and require international cooperation.

Next, write about the potential shortcomings on the above.

Conclusion:

Conclude by writing a way forward.

Introduction

On May 29, 2023, members of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) gathered in Paris for the second meeting of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) on Plastic Pollution, also known as INC-2.

INC-2, a successor of INC-1, held in Punta del Este, Uruguay, last year, is the international community's chance set the stage for negotiations on a global deal to end plastic pollution.

Body

Global treaty on plastic pollution

Plastic waste scenario in India

Impact of a global treaty on plastic pollution in India

Conclusion

Plastic pollution is perhaps the biggest threat facing after planet after climate change. UNFCCC has provided a systematic framework for collective action to address Climate Change. The UN Treaty on Plastic Pollution can provide a similar mechanism to combat plastic pollution. The UNEA has set a deadline of 2024 to agree on the treaty. All nations should support the negotiation process to reach a consensus as early as possible and stick to the 2024 deadline.

Topic: Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.

7. The Categorical Imperative, formulated by the philosopher Immanuel Kant, is a fundamental principle in moral philosophy that provides a framework for evaluating moral actions and making moral judgments. Elaborate. (150 Words)

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Reference: plato.stanford.edu

Why the question:

The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4.

Key Demand of the question:

To write about about Kantian Categorical Imperative and its role in evaluating moral right actions.

Directive word:

Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction:

Begin by defining Categorical Imperative of Emmanuel Kant.

Body:

Begin the body by explaining in detail about your understanding of Categorical Imperative with examples. Mention how it can be used to evaluate moral actions. You can use simple but effective examples to put forward your ideas regarding Universal Moral Law etc.

Conclusion:

Give a concise summation of your views to conclude the answer.

Introduction

Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) argued that the supreme principle of morality is a standard of rationality that he dubbed the "Categorical Imperative" (CI). Kant characterized the CI as an objective, rationally necessary and unconditional principle that we must always follow despite any natural desires or inclinations we may have to the contrary.

Body:

The CI states that it is immoral to use another person merely as a means to an end and that people must under all circumstances be treated as ends in themselves. This is in contrast to some interpretations of the utilitarian view, which allow for use of individuals as means to benefit the many.

Kantian ethics refers to a deontological ethical theory ascribed to the German philosopher Immanuel Kant. The theory, developed as a result of Enlightenment rationalism, is based on the view that the only intrinsically good thing is a good will; an action can only be good if its maxim – the principle behind it – is duty to the moral law.

CI provide a way for us to evaluate moral actions and to make moral judgments

Conclusion

Kant's philosophy of human individuals as end in itself endorses the golden rule of "treating others as one's self would wish to be treated". As no one would wish to be used simply as a means, therefore one should not also use other human beings as means to achieve their ends. This philosophy can be of great help in resolving the ethical dilemmas where there is debate between relative importance of means and ends.

Value addition

Kant's Categorical Imperative:

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